Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Movement of Pigment thro

Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Movement of Pigment through Cell Membranes INTRODUCTION: The aim of experiment is to prove that temperature effects on a proteins in cell membranes so that pigment can pass through them HYPOTHESIS: On higher temperatures proteins in membranes denature so there is no barrier to prevent the passage of large molecules THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: Certain chemicals and treatments, such as ethanol or high temperatures, can destroy the partial permeability of cell membrane. The membranes are still present but behave as if holes have been punched through them and they no longer provide barrier to the passage of large molecules such as sucrose. High temperatures and alcohols denature membrane proteins and increase fluidity of membrane lipids; alcohols at high concentrations can also dissolve lipids. In beetroot cells the red anthocyanin pigment occurs in the vacuoles. Each vacuole is surrounded by a tonoplast membrane and outside of it, the cytoplasm is surrounded by the plasma membrane. On higher temperatures proteins loose their ability of control the transport through cell so any large molecule can pass trough. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:  ¨ Test tube rack with 10 test tubes  ¨ Graduated syringe  ¨ Scalpel  ¨ Cork borer  ¨ Stop watch  ¨ Forceps  ¨ Colorimeter  ¨ Tap root of beetroot  ¨ Distilled water SAFETY:  ¨ Carefully use cork borer and scalpel to prevent injuries by cutting  ¨ Use Bunsen burner with great precaution to prevent burns or lighting materials  ¨ Water in beaker is very hot so watch out that you don't spill it on you to prevent burns  ¨ Watch out that you don't break any glass apparatus to prevent cutting METHOD:  ¨ Using a cork borer and scalpel make 10 cylinders of beetroot of 5 cm length.  ¨ Heat 200 cm3 of water up to 85  ºC in 250 cm3 beaker (make sure that thermometer is in the water).  ¨ While heating, with a syringe, put 10 ml of distilled water in 10 test tubes and label them: 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 63, 60, 55, 50 and 45.  ¨ When 85 ºC temperature is reached remove the Bunsen burner and put one beetroot cylinder in the water and leave it there for exactly one minute.  ¨ After one minute use forceps to take it out and put it in a test tube marked 85.  ¨ Put some cold water in the beaker until 80  ºC is reached and t... ...tly changing. In some moments changing would stop but that isn't reliable sign that that is the right colour density because after couple of moments changing would start again. Solution is to use more sensitive equipment or to get colorimeter checked because it could be broken.  ¨ Fifth problem is in humane nature. During the test we had a good time so occasionally we forgot to take the beetroot out for few seconds longer than it should be. We didn't pay all attention to professor so we forgot to shake test tubes before we took the beetroot out. Also, I didn't take a paper with me during the colour test so when I got result, occasionally I would forget what it was while I was going back to my seat. Also there was some noise in the classroom so I could misunderstand my partners in the experiment when they came with result.  ¨ To be sure in experiment results the best thing is to repeat it at least once to increase the reliability of them. Now when I know the whole procedure of experiment, results in repetitive experiment should be more accurate. Also this is good background to compare how different concentrations of ethanol effect on the membrane permeability.

Case Report: Jamie Chang Essay

1. Based on the assumption that all data collected are accurate and the methods used to collect are reliable, the EOQ calculations are correct. Given by the EOQ model, the optimal Q (quantity of an order) is set by the equation Oopt=[2(Demand Rate)(Order Setup Cost)/(Holding Cost Rate)]^(1/2). In this case, order setup cost=setup hours per order Ãâ€" setup cost per hour; holding cost rate= 30% Ãâ€" product unit cost. 2. Jamie Change only shows the optimal inventory levels for each product A-H, and the decrease in the average inventory level to Garcia, but he overlooks the consequently changes in inventory-related cost (annual ordering cost, annual holding cost, and total cost). As shown below, for product A, D, E, F, G and H, whose present order quantity is higher than EOQ optimal order quantity, the decrease in order quantity increases the ordering cost while decreases the holding cost even more, resulting a decrease in total cost. For product B, whose present order quantity is lower than EOQ optimal order quantity, the increase in order quantity increases the holding cost while decreases the ordering cost even more, resulting a decrease in total cost. For product C, whose present order quantity is similar to EOQ optimal order quantity, the holding cost, ordering cost and total cost don’t change much. Annual ordering cost = (yearly demand)/(order quantity) Ãâ€" (setup hours per order) Ãâ€" 25 Annual holding cost = 30% Ãâ€" (product unit cost) Ãâ€" (order quantitiy/2) Annual total cost = annual ordering cost + annual holding cost In general, the EOQ optimal order quantity will decrease the inventory-related total cost to the lowest level, which Jamie Change doesn’t explain really clearly to Garcia. 3. Generally speaking, to balance the costs with the desire to have the right products for customers, we have to take all kinds of costs into account, such as the inventory costs, rent, personnel expenses, cost of goods sold, etc. Then we try to find the right quantity to produce, price to sell, to meet the demand with the lowest cost. But here Lynn Rosen is talking more  about the inventory cost. When he talks about customer-service level and inventory investment, he’s actually talking about meeting customers’ demand with optical inventory total cost. As is shown below, when he says unnecessary investment in inventories, he means the amount of cost higher than the lowest cost due to non-optimal order quantity. To improve the customer service, the demand will definitely increase. According to Oopt=[2(Demand Rate)(Order Setup Cost)/(Holding Cost Rate)]^(1/2)ï ¼Å'the increase in demand rate will lead to the increase in Oopt, which will also lead to more inventory cost. As is shown below. 4. From external, customers’ demand stream, especially its variation has a crucial role in determining the â€Å"right†, or optimal amount of inventory. From internal, all the holding cost and ordering cost are also keys determining the optimal amount of inventory.

Cancer Biology Research Report - 1220 Words

1- Cancer Biology Research Fellow I was awarded a research grant to study the effects of Calcium release-activated channels (CRAC) on cancer cell growth. After a comprehensive literature review and meetings with Dr. Greenberg, I designed and implemented multiple experiments to examine the survival rate of lymphoma (RAMOS), leukemia (Jurkat), and prostatic cancer cell lines (RWPE-1, LNCaP, PC-3) used a synthetic CRAC inhibitor (YM-58483). I measured the extent of cell proliferation (WST-1 assay) under different conditions (variable drug concentration, time exposure) and analyzed different levels of growth inhibition. I presented the findings as a scientific poster at the university’s research symposium. 2- Evolutionary Biology Research†¦show more content†¦4- Lecturer and Founder of Modern Family class I designed this course to address the challenges different communities (i.e. Modern Families) face by applying these ideas to a popular sitcom; we first examine psychological factors that impact human behavior (stereotyping, discrimination, etc.). Second, we overview historical policies in the 20th century and their impact (redlining, second-wave feminism, etc.). Third, we discuss contemporary social issues (mass incarceration, gender wage gap, etc.). I have had the privilege of teaching ~400 students over 3 semesters in a lecture hall of my own. 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